How Does a Floor Jack Function

Jack is a piece of material handling equipment, which is using force multiplication for lifting or moving heavy loads. Floor jack is a type of jack, in which there is a variety of lifting devices, which uses leverage and other important methods, to amplify an applied force, for transporting a load. In these kinds of devices, there is an incompressible liquid such as jack oil, or hydraulic fluid, using which there is force multiplication. The main technique, for applying force is essentially a hydraulic cylinder or a screw thread. A floor jack is divided based on mechanism, used for lifting force such as Hydraulic power, or pneumatic power. 

What are the features of floor jack

The main components of floor jack are given as follows

  • Buffer tank or reservoir.
  • Pump with plunger or piston
  • Jack post
  • Check valve
  • Ram or main cylinder
  • Handle
  • Release valve

The buffer tank or reservoir is a vessel, which contains pump oil or hydraulic, which is used to transfer applied pressure from the pump to the ram. The pump is a piston pump, which is mechanically activated. The pump lever is moved or handled up and down. The handle movement creates pressure in the hydraulic fluid, which transfers that pressurized fluid into the main cylinder, through a check valve. The main cylinder is driven upwards, extending out of the hydraulic jack body, creating the required lifting force and load lifting. There is a release valve that is used to release the pressure so that the ram will be able to retract and the load is reduced.

The majority of the rams have a threaded extension, and when it is fully retracted and the ram extension can be unscrewed. Due to this, the lifting range for the jack post is extended and removes the need for adding blocking underneath the jack, when the load surface is getting lifted. 

How does the jack functions

The jack is based on the most important concept known as Pascal’s principle, which is very significant in fluid mechanics. The basic formula used, which are mentioned are

F1 / A1 = F2 / A2.

 F1 - applied force to piston 1 ( the pump piston )

A1 – area of piston 1

F2 – An applied force to piston 2 ( ram piston )

A2 – Area of piston 2. 

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